Ma guarda chi si vede! Dove si può vedere la Lupa Capitolina? A Bucarest, naturalmente.
O almeno, anche a Bucarest.
barazza.roberta@gmail.com
Ecco come www.wikipedia.org definisce lo stalking
http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stalking
Stalking è un termine inglese (letteralmente: perseguitare) che indica una serie di atteggiamenti tenuti da un individuo che affligge un'altra persona, spesso di sesso opposto, perseguitandola ed ingenerando stati di ansia e paura, che possono arrivare a comprometterne il normale svolgimento della quotidianità.
La persecuzione avviene solitamente mediante reiterati tentativi di comunicazione verbale e scritta, appostamenti ed intrusioni nella vita privata.
Lo stalker può essere un estraneo, ma il più delle volte è un conoscente, un collega, o un ex-partner, che agisce spinto dal desiderio di recuperare il precedente rapporto o per vendicarsi di qualche torto subito.
In altri casi ci si trova davanti a persone con problemi di interazione sociale, che agiscono in questo modo con l'intento di stabilire una relazione sentimentale, imponendo la propria presenza ed insistendo anche nei casi in cui si sia ricevuta una chiara risposta negativa.
Meno frequente il caso di individui affetti da disturbi mentali, per i quali l'atteggiamento persecutorio ha origine dalla convinzione di avere una relazione con l'altra persona.
Solitamente questi comportamenti si protraggono per mesi o anni, il che mette in luce l'anormalità di questo genere di condotte.
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Ecco cosa consigliano di fare: denunciare. Finora lo escludevo perchè non so il cognome del delinquente che mi rovina la vita da anni. So solo che si chiama Stefano ed è di Venezia. Questa mattina ho letto di un caso di molestie cessate subito dopo una denuncia ad ignoti; ora credo che sia proprio questo ciò che devo fare.
http://www.poliziadistato.it/pds/primapagina/stalking/index.html
Un fenomeno difficile da denunciare
Il fenomeno è molto diffuso e numerose sono le donne che ne rimangono vittime e che, almeno inizialmente, cercano di risolvere il problema da sole pensando di avere a che fare con persone che rispettano le loro scelte. Nella maggior parte dei casi infatti i persecutori sono uomini che si pensa di conoscere bene in quanto ex partner, amici o colleghi di lavoro.
In molti casi inoltre le vittime non denunciano questi comportamenti per paura che la situazione diventi ancora più insostenibile. Ma in realtà l’unico modo per cercare di venirne fuori è trovare il coraggio di denunciare senza vergogna e senza imbarazzo.
Sensibilizzare i poliziotti per aiutare le vittime
Proprio per cercare di aiutare le donne che si trovano in queste condizioni la Polizia di Stato, insieme all’Università di Napoli, ha creato “Silvia” (Stalking inventory list per vittime e autori) un progetto per monitorare i casi attraverso un formulario che aiuti anche gli operatori a conoscere meglio le caratteristiche di questo fenomeno. L’obiettivo è anche quello di sensibilizzare i poliziotti per fare in modo che il primo contatto con le forze dell’ordine sia rassicurante e permetta di instaurare un rapporto di fiducia con la vittima.
In Italia una legge allo studio
Nel nostro codice penale non esiste ancora un’ipotesi di reato specifica per questo fenomeno (come è invece per Usa, Canada, Australia e altri paesi europei), ma in base agli elementi descritti dalla vittima si può ascrivere la condotta a singoli reati: minacce, ingiurie, molestie, lesioni o violenza privata. È però al vaglio del Parlamento una proposta di legge che prevede una nuova fattispecie di reato art.612-bis “Atti persecutori”.
In attesa degli esiti della discussione e in occasione della giornata nazionale contro le violenze alle donne (25 novembre) pubblichiamo sul sito "Silvia la guida all'uso" nata da un’idea della Direzione centrale anticrimine (Servizio centrale operativo) ed il dipartimento di Psicologia (Centro studi cesvis) della seconda Università degli studi di Napoli.
24 novembre 2007
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In realtà sembra che ora ci sia anche una definizione del reato di stalking, e che la pena arrivi fino a 4 anni di reclusione:
Nasce il reato di stalking: fino a 4 anni per i molestatori ossessivi.
Il molestatore, l’assassino, il violentatore, raramente ha un volto sconosciuto. La maggior parte delle violenze sessuali sulle donne è commesso da conoscenti, parenti, amici, ex fidanzati, ex mariti.
E frequentemente si tratta di violenze annunciate dalle telefonate ossessive, dai pedinamenti, dalle minacce, da un’invadenza degli spazi personali che si fa sempre più pressante. In gergo si chiama stalking (in inglese persecuzione, pedinamento). “Atti persecutori”, così sono definiti nel disegno di legge approvato ieri dal Consiglio dei Ministri: saranno un vero e proprio reato, non più un fastidio contro il quale era inutile appellarsi. Fino a 4 anni di reclusione le pene previste, fino all’ergastolo se le minacce si concretizzano e la vittima muore. La proposta è stata portata in Cdm dai ministri della Giustizia Angelino Alfano e da quello delle Pari Opportunità Mara Carfagna. “L’introduzione del reato di stalking mette l’Italia al passo con gli altri paesi che hanno già legiferato in proposito” ha detto Carfagna, “la tutela delle vittime delle molestie insistenti è necessaria per la prevenzione di violenza sessuale e omicidi passionali”.
Da una recente ricerca citata dal guardasigilli Alfano “risulta che su 300 crimini commessi tra partner o ex partner, l’88% ha come vittime le donne e, nel 39% dei casi, si tratta di crimini annunciati poiché si consumano dopo un periodo più o meno lungo di molestie'’. Un’attività persecutoria che attualmente è punita con sanzioni penali modeste.
Per l’Osservatorio nazionale stalking le molestie in un caso su due sono a opera di ex mariti, ex conviventi, ex fidanzati, ma possono essere compiute anche da conoscenti, colleghi o estranei: almeno il 20 per cento di italiani, soprattutto donne, ne sono stati vittime dal 2002 al 2007. Nel provvedimento varato, si stabilisce che “il reato consiste ‘nel porre in essere minacce reiterate o molestie con atti tali da creare nella vittima un perdurante stato di ansia o paura o un fondato timore per l’incolumità propria o di persona legata da relazione affettiva o a costringerlo ad alterare le proprie abitudini di vita'’.
I limiti della pena sono stati adeguati alla gravità del reato (da uno a quattro anni) e possono essere aumentati ‘’se il fatto è commesso dal coniuge legalmente separato o divorziato o da persona che sia stata legata alla vittima da relazione affettiva'’. La pena inoltre è aumentata da un terzo alla metà ‘’se il fatto è commesso ai danni di un minore'’, se a compierlo è una persona armata o mascherata, e, infine, si tratta di una violenza ‘’di gruppo'’.
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Accused of killing 65 Afghans in yet another wedding party massacre last week, US military officials are now claiming that they have evidence of the Taliban holding the party hostage to lure US forces into killing the civilians and stoking more anti-American sentiment. The accusation came from an anonymous US official who declined to share the evidence for the claim. According to Afghan officials, a joint investigation with the US found 37 civilians and 26 so-called insurgents were killed in the Kandahar village. Inexplicably the U.S. figure from the same investigation was 20 dead civilians. Afghan president Hamid Karzai has repeatedly denounced the civilian deaths and urged the US to stop relying so much on air strikes. The same week as the wedding party killings, US airstrikes killed 7 civilians in the Northwest province of Baghdis. Among them were two sons and a grandson of a provincial council member, Mohammad Tawakil Khan. Mourning his loss, Khan remarked bitterly, "The! Americans are hitting civilian houses all the time. They don't care, they just say it was a mistake� Afghan officials are only offering their condolences. After some 100 times that they have killed civilians, we have to take revenge and afterward say our condolences to them." The civilian death toll has stoked anger across Afghanistan and raised increasing calls for an end to the occupation. However, President elect Barack Obama's foreign policy centerpiece was an increase in US troops to Afghanistan.
Sonali Kolhatkar: Many on the American left are celebrating the election of Barack Obama to the presidency of the US. But while he has pledged to end the Iraq war, he has also promised to increase troops in Afghanistan. What is your opinion of Barack Obama and his stated policy on Afghanistan?
Eman: We can easily judge Obama from what he said in one of his recent interviews that he does not feel the need to apologize to the Afghan people. We do not consider this a lack of information. But didn�t he feel the need to apologize for the wrong policies of the US government for the past three decades in our country? Didn�t he feel the need to apologize for the fundamentalist-fostering policies of the US government in creating, arming, and supporting these brutal, misogynist groups like the Northern Alliance and other fascist groups during the past three decades? Didn�t he feel the need to apologize for the occupation of our country under the banner of democracy, the so-called �war on terror,� and women�s rights, but then compromise with terrorists like the Northern Alliance, who cannot be distinguished from the Taliban in the history of their criminal acts? In fact these murderers were the first to destroy our nation. And even after seven years o! f a very long and very costly �war on terror,� terrorism has not been uprooted in Afghanistan but has become stronger and the Taliban are becoming more powerful. Plus recently talking about negotiating with the most wanted terrorist, Gulbuddin Hekmatyar, and with the Taliban, which is in contradiction with what they claimed and what their main objective was in occupying Afghanistan.
From his statements during his election campaign, we don�t think that Obama�s position is different from the Bush administration; it is the continuation of Bush�s foreign policy. As Obama�s first message to our country was that of war, we cannot be hopeful about him.
Kolhatkar: Do you think the troops should be withdrawn and if so, what will happen in Afghanistan if US/NATO forces leave Afghanistan?
Eman: RAWA strongly believes that whatever happens, a withdrawal of foreign troops should be the first step, because today, with the presence of thousands of troops in Afghanistan, with the presence of many foreign countries in our nation, for the majority of our people particularly poor people in the other provinces of Afghanistan outside Kabul, the situation is so bad that it cannot get any worse. Today they are also suffering from insecurity, killing, kidnapping, rape, acid throwing on school girls (as happened just last week), hunger, lawlessness, lack of freedom of speech (with journalist Parwiz Kambakhsh being imprisoned), After seven years of occupation failed to bring peace, security, democracy, and women�s rights that they claimed. I think seven years is quite enough time to prove that democracy and peace cannot be brought by foreigners. It can only be achieved by our own people by democratic organizations and individuals. It�s our responsibi! lity to become united as an alternative against the occupation, to rise up, to resist and to organize our people.
Obviously it is very difficult. No one can predict how long it will take, how much blood, how much sacrifice, and what price should be paid. But this is the only solution, as RAWA has always emphasized.
Right now our people are under attack from different sides. From one side we have the Taliban, from the other side are the US air strikes, and from another side are the Northern Alliance warlords in different provinces. We are in a political confusion. With the withdrawal our people will at least get rid of one of these enemies.
We believe that even with the withdrawal of the troops they have a moral duty towards Afghanistan as they have empowered these dangerous fundamentalist groups economically; and given them arms which were a big threat to the security of our country. If the US and its allies are kind enough to try to help us and they are honest in their claim of helping our people then they can prove it in other ways. They can prove it by the disarmament of armed groups. They can prove it by stopping any kind of support, help and compromise with any fundamentalist groups by helping our people to prosecute our war criminals of three decades. They can do this by supporting democratic voices. So they have other alternatives to help us if they really want to.
Kolhatkar: Hamid Karzai�s tenure is up next year and there are to be new elections. What do you think needs to happen before the elections, and is there any chance the elections could bring some positive change inside Afghanistan?
Eman: We have two kinds of elections ahead of us: parliamentary and presidential. About the presidential election, everyone knows that the White House determines who is going to be the next president. Our public�s votes are just used as a formality. But what we are sure of is that the next president will not be independent or a real democrat. So our people are not so hopeful about those elections.
About the parliamentary elections, it is important to state that this election, like the last one, will be conducted under the shadow of guns, airpower and money. So we cannot call it a fair and free election. For a fair and free election to be held we think that disarmament of the powerful warlords which have private armies in different provinces, is a necessary factor. Otherwise it will be a repeat of the last election. For example, according to a law made by the Election Commission, warlords cannot take part in the elections. The last time, our people appealed to the election commission against criminal candidates and drug lords with evidence but nobody paid attention to them and these most-wanted murderers found their way to parliament. There were just a very few exceptions who were really elected by the people. The majority were well-known murderers, criminals, and rapists.
Kolhatkar: In RAWA�s recent statement on the 7th anniversary of the US war on October 7th, you say �Our freedom is only achievable at the hands of our people.� How strong are democratic grassroots forces in Afghanistan, and are they capable of rising up and leading the country?
Eman: Unfortunately the democratic forces are very weak due to many reasons. The two main reasons are, firstly, financial problems because there is no government support at all, and powerful international forces like the United Nations have never been interested in supporting democratic groups, individuals, and voices. Secondly they are weak for security reasons, which have always suppressed these groups. We believe that the main source of power lies with our people. Today they have become hopeless with false promises from the West of establishing democracy. And moreover people are fed-up of the fundamentalism of the Taliban, Northern Alliance, and Gulbuddin Hekmatyar, etc. So today if we witness demonstrations organized by our suffering and tired people, tomorrow they will be much more organized under the leadership of democratic movements. So we should not lose our hope. The groups are weak but they exist. I think it�s the duty of democratic forces ! all over the world to support democratic movements in Afghanistan and they should show their practical solidarity with them.
Kolhatkar: When we started our conversation, you weren�t very optimistic about Barack Obama�s stated policy on Afghanistan. What advice would you give President Elect Barack Obama, when he takes office in January?
Eman: We believe that if the American government does not have any bad, expansionist, hidden intentions regarding our country then they have to accept and change their long-term mistakes and wrong policies in our country. In the early 1990s they supported the anti-democratic, anti-women forces and they still have not learned a lesson and still they rely on and compromise with the different fundamentalist groups, which makes the situation of our country even worse. So from one side they are still nourishing and working with those drug lords and warlords of the Northern Alliance. And from the other side they complain about drugs, corruption and insecurity which is a painful game with the destiny of our people, who do not want more troops and war. Our people want justice, peace, and democracy.
As the US failed with spending billions of dollars on the presence of thousands of troops for the past seven years, I�m sure that they will fail even if they bring millions more troops as long as the American government does not change its policies in Afghanistan.
Kolhatkar: Finally, what advice would you give the American anti-war movement on what Afghanistan needs from them?
Eman: Since the US government has always supported fundamentalist groups and ignored democratic voices in our country, I think that the US government does not represent all American people. But there are great American people and great peace movements who have always raised their voice against war and defended peace with justice. History shows that these movements have always affected government policies, for example on the Vietnam war. So I think that they have a great responsibility to put pressure on their government and especially its foreign policy, to change the policy and to withdraw their troops from Afghanistan. And they have to show their solidarity with the democratic movements in Afghanistan. It�s very very important for us and we need their voices. But I just read an article that some parts of the US peace movements are supporting the Iranian government. We condemn this position because we consider the Iranian government a fundamentalist, ! fascist government. But as long as the peace movement is concerned, we need their solidarity and we are very happy to have their support.
NOTE: Uprising host, Sonali Kolhatkar volunteers her time for the Afghan Women's Mission, a US-based non-profit organization that supports RAWA's projects.